The section of Oregon where I live is listed as zone 9 by the USDA's Zoning chart for plants. It gets no colder than 10*F here according to the chart. Most sources state that a 20" depth is needed to for when it gets to 10*F below freezing to give fish enough water when it freezes, so my pond should be just fine with really any depth I choose without freezing solid.
At most we get about 1/4" of ice on ponds here that are 150gals or larger. Nothing a de-icer can't handle if need be. That is why pond keepers here can get away with a 2' depth and have it not be too, horrible for the fish to overwinter in.
As for high temps., we average about 85*F in the summer and about 90*F at the hottest around here. I will have lots of plants, both in the pond and around the edge of the pond to give it a bit of shade during the hotter months. Along with lots of movement on the water's surface.
My plan is too have a tapered pond depth from 6" deep to 3' deep, or deeper if I can manage it. The ground here is mostly clay or gigantic gravel, so whatever depth I get is what I have to live with, unfortunately.