If you can maintain the temp your fish would think they were in the middle of summer. As so absolutely you can do this.
However, if there's a problem it's probably going to be a big problem. Heater fails, power goes out, a 35 gal above ground pond is going to cool very fast if this all happens during a cold period. Fish can deal with cold water if the temp goes down slowly. It's impossible to predict, but In this case the smart money would be on the fish dying.
The R factor for poured concrete 10" thick is 0.8. The R factor for dry stacked concrete blocks with gaps is zero. Your bricks provide no insulation and may even pull energy out of the pond.
I read a lot of forums on raising tilapia and many people heat the water in winter. In one case a guy had a huge tank in his basement and was using 2 large aquarium heaters. They worked great right up until one melted. Not only did it kill all the fish but it filled his home with a smell so bad they had to stay in hotel while it got cleaned up. Aquarium heaters are designed to work indoors where the ambient temperature is reasonable, so they're expected to raise the water temp 10 to 20 degrees. Outside they could be running 100% of the time, well beyond their intended use. Just depends on how lucky you are.
Experienced tilapia growers seem to either heat the building or use a heating element from a hot water tank. I would guess there are manufactured heaters made to handle cold weather, but I can't remember reading of anyone using one.