Welcome Annette!
Is the notion of the whiskey barrel for the aesthetics of the pond and decor of the patio area? If so, then I would suggest using an EPDM liner inside the whiskey barrel or a molded HDPE drum cut down to fit inside it to keep the water from contact with the whiskey barrel's oak slats as much as possible. You would still have the appearance of the rustic looking whiskey barrel, but preserve the wood for as long as possible. I think the idea is really swell, but having the wood, even though it is oak, in constant contact with the pond water will rot the barrel slats out fast. It is not the same as storing alcohol/whiskey in the barrel.
I have thought of using a whiskey barrel for such a purpose and proposed it to others before as well because it would look very swell. However, the wood must be protected. The whiskey keg or barrel can only serve as a facade and the filter portion should be contained within a waterproof drum or liner.
Gordy