If the sump pump has an 1-1/2" outlet, then make sure everything is that size. You showed 1" in the first link and 1-1/2" in the other links.
You don't need the wide sweeping 90 degree elbow, just the regular 90 degree elbow.
Yes, that male adapter is what you need, as long as it's the right size for the pump's outlet.
From what you are describing, you probably only need one 90 degree elbow. They are cheap, so if you think you might need to make another turn, get more.
Dont forget the primer and glue. They sell small 8-ounce cans packed as a pair (primer & glue). You don't need much.
The primer cleans and primers in preparation for the glue.
If this were a permanent installation, I would strongly suggest a check valve to prevent the water from flowing back when the pump shuts off. That's up to you.
Good luck and any more questions, just ask.