Knowing what I know today, if it was me, I would get a liner to put in the hole..... Even if sealed, I would never trust it since it could develop cracks that sealing couldn't prevent. And it might be very hard to find and fix leaks in a pond like that. Liners can leak, too, but they're more predictable. And, you gotta wonder WHY they filled in the pond in the first place...... Because of the rock and stuff, though, I would use lots of a good underlayment to keep the hard edges from rubbing through the liner.
And since you do have the rock and stone, if there was a way to salvage any of it, you could use that around the edges [see other pond builds on the forum]. Most of us on GPF are BIG fans of rocks, using them in the landscape and around [but not "IN"] our ponds.
Welcome, and hope you stick around so you can share your project with us. We love to follow pond builds and love to see pictures!