you actually can over pump your pond, and that is controlled by valving the outflow of the pump as pondmaster mentioned. you want about one turnover an hour with the pond size you mentioned. the main pump problem is caused by driving too much water through your filter and driving off the biological media. the maximum flow is 3 feet per second through a crossection of the filter, but don't worry about that number. just keep your flow through the filter such that your turnover is once an hour. i don't know what reference you read that talked about a 20 minute turnover rate for a teleost pond. my references talk about a range from one to two hours depending on the pond size. maybe with a pond below 1000 gallons, that higher rule applies but it isn't necessary for goldfish and koi filtration to the best of my knowledge.
just as a point of reference, we had a club member who put a 10000 gph pump in a 7000 gallon pond, and the flow flushed every bit of waste out of the filter and back into the pond. he valved it down, and everything worked correctly.
later when you build your larger pond, and we all do it, you will have a pump that can handle the new flow.