welcome Jane... good question as i'm not positive and maybe others in the group may know. But i would think a couple of ways, first try turning on unit when dark outside or covering the ends of unit. Some manufactures have a little area that you can see the blue hue given off when the light is functioning. Although that doesn't mean the bulb has full effectiveness. Second just plug it in and set in the pond for a few days if the algae clears up then most likely it is working. Hopefully the brand and model you have the bulbs will be inexpensive as uv bulbs are effectively rated at so many hours of use.