The water quality will deteriorate. You can't usually see this happening and the water may be perfectly clear, but ammonia levels will rise and fish will start to have problems. Usually that is evident in skin lessions, red streaks, and ulcers. They may also get diseases since they are stressed by the water conditions.
If you are serious about adding more fish, I would encourage you to add more filtration now and not wait until problems show up. By that time it might be too late for those fish.
My pond is overstocked. Not from my choice, but because my fish breed more than rabbits and an unusual number of young have survived over the years. I think that finally they have reached a point at which that increase has almost completely stopped, thank goodness.
My pond is 6000 gallons with filtration in the neighborhood of 25,000+ gallons. I'm a firm believer that there is no such thing as too much filtration and, at least for now, I don't have to worry about having too many fish.