Help needed

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Hello,
I am a beginner at growing fish in a pond, had no problems so far, until now. Thats why I decided to ask for advice on a more specialised forum with likeminded people.
So I have a large pond, around 3800 square feet, depth varies from 5 to 7 feet. I decided to keep 30 carps in this pond, started when they were very smal, only an inch or so long. They were around 4 pounds this autum.
This winter was unusually long, and just now I saw 16 dead carpsunder the ice... I thought this pond was big enough to for 30 carps to live through winter. I cut down all bushes and trees around the pond to prevent leaves falling in, I removed all water weeds I could at late autum. I even kept a 5x5 ft hole in the ice open when I could, moved the water around manually. I guess fish died before I opened up the hole or it wasnt enough. I did some research and found out that a water pump is a good way to keep pond open, like a small fountain, keep water running and contacting with frehs air. But question is, how powerful the pump should be for my pond? Or should I ask, how many big carps can live in this pond, lets say 10-15 pound carps?
 
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I use an air pump and a 7 inch defuser to keep my pond open in the winter and it really does a good job. When it gets really cold the pond ices over about 75 percent which I like cause it keeps the bottom of the pond warmer. I think for the size of your pond and the size that your fish are getting you have to many fish for your pond.
 
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thanks for reply, what do you think if better, an air pump or water pump, like a fountain pump to move surface water and make a little fountain?
 
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I like the air pump. The one I have I got from Foster and Smith and it does a good job. The water just churnes, I have to pull it up to about 6 inches from the top of the pond, cause when it on the bottom of the the pond it cools it off to much.
I only started my pond a couple of years ago but I have had fresh water fish when i was in grade school my grandparents raised fish and started me on that path. Then I got into saltwater fish and corals been doing that for about 20 years.
 

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