Not sure it really makes much of a difference on placement. I would think that as long as you have flow through the bio media, you're going to get its benefits. Then again, I could be wrong.
I would keep them out of the sun so algae does not grow on them.
Other than that, if they get covered in black muck, you can pull them out, give them a vigorous rinsing in a bucket of pond water , and throw them back in.
mine are in my biofalls where water is constantly flowing...as was mentioned above, as long as water is flowing through them and they are not in direct sunlight it will be fine...
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